What is a search and seizure under Indian income tax law?

Search and seizure refers to the powers granted to income tax authorities under Section 132 and 132A of the Income Tax Act, 1961 to carry out search operations and seize books of accounts, documents or assets if there is reason to believe that a taxpayer has undisclosed income or assets. It is a crucial enforcement mechanism to unearth tax evasion. Note: Finance Act 2025 has amended Section 132 to enhance search powers and include cybercrimes and crypto assets within its scope, effective from April 1, 2025.